The 19-year-old's first appearance at Roland Garros ended with a 7-6, 6-1, 6-3 defeat by the German second seed, but Jodar said the experience had reinforced his belief that he belongs among the game's top players.
"If you want to compete against the best players in the world, you have to keep your level all the time the same," Jodar told reporters.
"You cannot have a lot of downs during the matches, especially when you are playing a five-set match."
Jodar emerged as one of the surprise stories of the tournament, joining Brazilian teenager Joao Fonseca in a quarter-final lineup that highlighted the sport's growing wave of young talent.
"What I learned about me is that I can compete against anyone," he said.
"But I still have to improve a lot of things that these matches will help me to improve."
The turning point against Zverev came in the opening set, when Jodar failed to convert a chance to serve out the set before the world number three took control of the match.
"He played better than me in those points," Jodar said. "He deserved to win the first set and then the next two."
Despite the defeat, Jodar said he would leave Paris with valuable lessons.
"A lot of experience in this first French Open for me," he said. "I take all the matches that I've played, and this gives me a lot of learning to keep improving."