His brace helped Santos, who remain embroiled in a relegation battle, rescue a 2-2 home draw against bottom club Chapecoense on Saturday.
The result left Santos just one point above the relegation zone in Brazil's top flight.
The 34-year-old was making his first appearance for the club after a two-and-a-half-month absence and has frequently faced criticism over his lifestyle.
He came under renewed scrutiny this week after taking part in a poker tournament while his teammates were playing a Copa Sudamericana match in Venezuela.
Neymar responded by celebrating his opening goal with a card-dealing gesture before using a corner flag to mimic a golf swing.
Brazil's all-time record goalscorer called time on his international career after the five-time World Cup winners were knocked out by Norway in the last 16.