The 64-year-old, who played 107 Tests and 181 ODIs for Australia, will finish up with the International Cricket Council after the ongoing ICC Champions Trophy in Pakistan and Dubai.
"I'm absolutely delighted that David will bring his vast experience as a player and cricket administrator to the CA board," said CA chairman Mike Baird.
"David is an iconic figure in Australian cricket universally respected for his accomplishments on the field and, more recently, through his impressive contribution to Tasmanian, Australian and international cricket."
Boon was an Australian selector for more than a decade from 2000 following his retirement as a player in 1999, before becoming an ICC match referee in 2011.
He has been Cricket Tasmania director since 2014 and chair since 2022.