Boe won four of six possible gold medals at the Beijing Games and also took one gold from the 2018 edition in Pyeongchang.
A visibly emotional Boe told reporters that participating in the February 2026 Olympics would demand too much of him.
"The past six seasons, I have combined elite sports with family life. It has been amazing but quite demanding. I still love competing but competition days are unfortunately few compared to all the other days of the year," he said ahead of the weekend’s World Cup race in Ruhpolding.
"Now I feel that the time has come to prioritise family."
Boe currently tops the 2024/25 season standings and will conclude his career with a final race on home soil in Holmenkollen, Oslo, in March.