Alisson and Colombia defender Davinson Sanchez both collapsed after clashing heads during the second half. Medical staff rushed onto the pitch to treat them, before both players were substituted.
Media reports said Alisson, 32, was taken off as a precaution after feeling dizzy following the injury.
"Alisson is travelling back to Merseyside and will undergo assessment from the Reds' medical staff," Liverpool said in a statement.
Brazil are second in the table in the CONMEBOL World Cup qualifiers, with the top six set to directly qualify for next year's finals.
Liverpool, who have a 12-point lead at the top of the Premier League standings, host Everton on April 2.